Apiin has inhibitory activity in-vitro on iNOS expression and nitrite production when added before LPS stimulation in the medium of J774.A1 cells.

Carglumic acid is an orphan drug used for the treatment of hyperammonaemia in patients with N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency. This rare genetic disorder results in elevated blood levels of ammonia, which can eventually cross the blood-brain barrier and cause neurologic problems, cerebral edema, coma, and death.

BD-AcAc 2 (Ketone Ester), added in diet, could elevate mean blood ketone bodies of 3.5 mm and lowered plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin in animals.